The foundation of the Juma Mosque was laid in 1989, and it was opened in 2003. In July 2011, the mosque underwent extensive renovations following the instructions given by President Ilham Aliyev.

As part of the renovation, a 34-meter-high minaret was erected, the mihrab was reconstructed, and verses from the Quran were inscribed inside the dome. The flooring was thoroughly refurbished, and the heating and electrical systems were completely renewed. The walls were clad with facing stones, and the fence was rebuilt.

The mosque occupies an area of 4.5 hectares and can accommodate 500 worshippers.

On May 3, 2013, President Ilham Aliyev visited the Juma Mosque in Sumgait to review the newly renovated facilities.